Mariam Es-Haq

Note 1: The red heifers from Texas are naturally bred Red Angus cattle from U.S. ranches, not genetically modified or cloned. They were imported to Israel in September 2022. Abu Ubaida, spokesperson for Hamas’ al-Qassam Brigades, claimed that one reason for the October 7 attack was Jews bringing a red heifer to the Holy Land. The “red heifer prophecy” is an eschatological belief held by some Jewish and Christian groups that the birth and sacrifice of a perfect red heifer is necessary to build the Third Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, an event they believe will usher in the Messiah or the Second Coming of Christ. This belief is not widely accepted.

Note 2: The Meged oil field is located within undisputed Israeli territory, while Gaza has no known oil reserves. It has a small, undeveloped natural gas field offshore, known as Gaza Marine, which accounts for less than 3% of Israel’s natural gas fields. Claims about “hundreds of billions of dollars” worth of resources stem from a flawed 2019 report by the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), which relied on unverified figures and sources connected to conspiracy theorists and Russian propaganda. Israel has never claimed ownership of the Gaza Marine field, and its development has been stalled for years due to political disputes between the Palestinian Authority (PA) and Hamas, security issues, and funding problems—not because of Israeli attempts to seize it. In fact, Israel had previously given conditional approval for the PA and Egypt to develop the field before recent conflicts.

Note 3: The so-called “discriminatory laws in Israel” is a database created by Adalah in 2013. All the claims in it are distorted interpretations of the laws and have been proven false, serving only to portray Israel negatively and promote hatred and antisemitism.